Variables N Mean SD Min Max Skewness Kurtosis Jarque-Bera ADF PP test
A: full-sample
07/27/2018
06/25/2021
r oil 751 0.00191 0.029 -0.281 0.426 0.995 36.897 190000*** -65.32344*** -65.270***
r gold 751 0.00232 0.012 -0.096 0.068 -0.379 8.151 4394*** -62.749*** -62.764***
B: prior-COVID-19
07/27/2018
12/30/2019
r oil 375 0.00223 0.093 -1.000 0.999 0.204 74.046 79000*** -22.887*** -23.962***
r gold 375 0.00143 0.012 -0.053 0.051 -0.613 6.83 252*** -19.854*** -19.857***
C: COVID-19
12/30/2019
06/25/2021
r oil 376 -0.00029 0.024 -0.128 0.164 0.135 7.685 3229*** -61.185*** -61.224**
r gold 376 0.00112 0.012 -0.096 0.068 -0.353 8.312 4207** -59.471*** -59.474***