Null hypothesis F-statistic p-value
  lnepu does not Granger-cause lnre 1.223 0.296
lnre does not Granger-cause lnepu 0.679 0.508
  lnepu does not Granger-cause lnhydro 1.063 0.347
lnhydro does not Granger-cause lnepu 0.104 0.901
  lnepu does not Granger-cause lnothers 1.295 0.276
lnothers does not Granger-cause lnepu 0.899 0.408