Panel A: Predictability results
Full Sample COVID-19 Sample
UPE 0.037485*** 0.03590***
(0.00012) (0.0004)
[306.6762] [91.6324]
Nobs 2350 85
Panel B: In-Sample forecast evaluation
Full Sample COVID-19 Sample
Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2
RMSE 0.0820 0.2933 0.2223 0.5476
Clark & West - 0.0043*** - 0.4997***
(0.0015) (0.0817)
[2.8430] [6.1138]
Nobs 1205 1205 65 65
Panel C: Out-of-Sample forecast evaluation [Full-Sample]
Model 1 Model 2
h=10 h=20 h=30 h=10 h=20 h=30
RMSE 0.0820 0.0824 0.0837 0.2928 0.2928 0.2939
Clark & West 0.0040*** 0.0037*** 0.0030***
(0.0015) (0.0015) (0.0015)
[2.6556] [2.4267] [1.9758]
Nobs 1215 1225 1235 1215 1225 1235
Panel D: Out-of-Sample forecast evaluation [COVID-Sample]
Model 1 Model 2
h=5 h=10 h=20 h=5 h=10 h=20
RMSE 0.21615 0.2163 0.2034 0.5285 0.5123 0.4918
Clark & West 0.4617*** 0.4324*** 0.4001***
(0.076984) (0.072418) (0.063894)
[5.997383] [5.970464] [6.262076]
Nobs 70 75 85 70 75 85